F.1.1 Distinguish between a food and a nutrient
- a food is: any substance, whether processed, semi-processed, or raw, which is intended for human consumption, and includes drink, chewing gum, and any substance which has been used in the manufacture, preparation, or treatment of food, but does not include cosmetics or tobacco, or substances used only as drugs”
- a nutrient is: any substance obtained from food and used by the body to provide energy, regulate growth, maintenance and repair of the body’s tissues. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water are considered nutrients.
F.1.2 Describe the chemical composition of lipids (fats and oils), carbohydrates, and proteins
- fats and oils are triesters (triglycerides) formed from three long-chain fatty acid (carboxylic acid) molecules and one glycerol molecule
- the simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides
- they contain one carbonyl group (C=O) and at least two hydroxyl groups (-OH), and have the empirical formula CH2O
- they’re the building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides
- proteins are made-up of 2-amino acids joined through condensation reactions to form polypeptides with peptide bonds between them